.NET/Java PDF, Tiff, Barcode SDK Library

When Microsoft started developing the runtime that has become the CLR, which was doomed to replace the COM infrastructure, several design goals addressed common issues of COM development: Memory management: Reference counting has proven to be error prone; so a fully automated memory manager was needed to address this issue Pervasive metadata: The COM type system was incomplete, and the custom marshaller was too restrictive A more complete and general type system whose description was available at run time would have eased interoperability Data and metadata separation: The separation between data and metadata has proven to be fragile because components without their description are useless, and vice versa A binary format containing both components and their descriptions avoids these issues Distributed components: DCOM, the distributed COM infrastructure, has proven to be inefficient.

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Note If you are not familiar with physical I/O, and consistent-read and current mode of blocks, see

For this markup, how many objects would be in the Page s collection of controls The answer, which may surprise you, is three, as shown in Figure 3-15. To see why, let s scan the markup for the first element that has the runat=server attribute. We find that it s the form element. So this element is definitely represented in the Page object s control tree. All of the other elements with the runat=server attribute are children of the form element. This means that the instance of the Control object representing the Form element has six children in its control collection, as shown in Figure 3-15.

The CLR has been designed with a distributed memory management approach to reduce the network overhead required to keep remote components alive The need for better component infrastructure led Microsoft to create the CLR, but the following concepts from COM proved so successful that they motivated several aspects of the CLR: Binary interoperability: The ability to interoperate at the binary level gives you the freedom to develop components from any language supporting the component infrastructure, allowing, for instance, Visual Basic developers to benefit from C++ components, and vice versa Dynamic loading: The interactive dynamic loading of components is an essential element to allow scripting engines such as Visual Basic for Applications to access the component model.

Following the execution report, we can see the optimizer approach used and the user ID of the session that enabled the trace (we can match this ID against the all_users table to get the actual username): Misses in library cache during parse: 0 Optimizer goal: CHOOSE Parsing user id: 52 Additionally, we see the number of times the statement wasn t found in the library cache. The first time a statement is executed, this count should be 1, but it should be 0 in subsequent calls if bind variables are used. Again, watch for the absence of bind variables a large number of library cache misses would indicate that. Finally, the report displays the execution plan used for this statement. This information is similar to that provided by autotrace, with the important difference that the number of actual rows flowing out of each step in the plan is revealed: Rows Row Source Operation ------- --------------------------------------------------14 MERGE JOIN 5 SORT JOIN 4 TABLE ACCESS FULL DEPT 14 SORT JOIN 14 TABLE ACCESS FULL EMP For full details on the use of sql_trace and tkprof, and interpretation of the trace data, see 10 of Oracle9i Database Performance Tuning Guide and Reference. Another excellent reference is 10, Tuning Strategies and Tools, in Tom Kyte s Expert One-on-One Oracle (Apress, ISBN: 1-59059-243-3). The most comprehensive (and an eminently readable) book on tracing in general is Cary Millsap s Optimizing Oracle Performance (O Reilly, ISBN: 0596-00527-X).

Reflection: The component description available at run time allows programs to deal with unknown components; this is especially important for programs featuring scripting environments as witnessed by the widespread use of IDispatch and type libraries in COM..

Figure 3-15. The control tree of our simple markup, where the controls in the Page s control collection are numbered, and the controls in the Forms collection are lettered. That leaves the other two objects in the Page s control collection to identify. If you look at everything preceding the Form declaration, you can see that it s all static markup. These are hierarchical elements as far as the web browser is concerned, but to the ASP .NET engine on the server, it s a meaningless arbitrary string. Since there are no runat=server attributes, there will be no code interacting with this markup; and so the text is all flattened and represented in the control tree as a single LiteralControl.